Section I: Short Answers
Instructions: Briefly describe in English the meaning of each of the following items.
Write down the question along with your answer. (4 points each)
- MS03
- PM2.5
- СРТТР
- Paywall
- Bitcoin
Section II: Short Essays
Instructions: Briefly describe in English what you know about the following person(s),
organization(s), event(s), or place(s). (6 points each)
- Paris Climate Agreement/clean and sustainable energy
- #MeToo/Time’s Up
- Trump Russia Inquiry
- Dunkirk
- The Belt and Road Initiative
- Ivanka Trump
Section III: Translations
Instruction: Translate the following passages into Chinese. (20 points each)
Thucydides’s Trap is the severe structural stress caused when a rising power threatens to displace a ruling one. Most contests that fit this pattern have ended badly.
Over the past five hundred years, a major rising power has threatened to displace a ruling power sixteen times. In twelve of those, the result was war.
Wars occur even when leaders are determined to avoid them. Events or actions of others narrow their options, forcing them to make choices that risk war rather than acquiesce to unacceptable alternatives. Athens did not want war with Sparta. Kaiser Wilhelm did not seek war with Britain. Mao initially opposed Kim Il-sung’s attack on South Korea in 1950 for fear of blowback. And once the military machines are in motion, misunderstandings, miscalculations and entanglements can escalate to a conflict far beyond anyone’s original intent.
2.
A request by the U.S. Justice Department to add a citizenship question to the
2020 Census could shift the nation’s balance of political power from cities to more rural communities over the next decade and give Republicans a new advantage drawing electoral boundaries.
Population numbers produced by the census are used in many ways, notably to draw political districts and distribute government funds across the country. Adding questions to the decennial survey is usually a controversial and difficult process because of the potential to affect both of those functions — either by suppressing census participation or by creating new ways to define populations.
All of it has prompted advocates for Hispanic communities to accuse the Justice
Department of wanting to produce a less accurate count in 2020.